Corbis It was serious stuff going on in their little heads. And it ain't kid's stuff. I'm sort of rebellious." But not James Baskett, who played Uncle Remus: Georgia law barred the movie's star from entering the segregated theater. Narrator: Disney had been looking for the best way to exploit the new medium of television since the late 1940s. Walt, sporting a rakish pencil moustache, acted as best man while escorting his girlfriend Lillian Bounds. You couldn't hear anything. W. Haydon Burns, Governor of Florida (archival): Will it be a Disneyland? Narrator: The crowd at the Colony Theater was in thrall. He took a pass on factory work in Chicago and headed for Kansas City instead, where he had spent much of his boyhood. Like the end of the world. What Walt Disney was proposing for Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs had never been done before. Steven Watts, Historian: They would bring in actors and they would have them impersonate these characters in front of the animators, who would try to capture certain qualities of their movements. What's happened?! Carmenita Higginbotham, Art Historian: Disneyland is a space in which American ideals are celebrated. Bob Gurr, Designer: He didn't look good. But the people that he unloaded on deserved it. And that became, in many ways, the most powerful element in how he dealt with his workers. NBCUniversal Archives Pinocchio, Pinocchio (archival): I can walk! General Jackson, Davy Crockett (archival): Well Major? Don Hahn, Animator: He's got all these ideas, and he starts acting on them. Band Leader, The Mickey Mouse Club (archival): The next number will be a ladies tag dance. Move the train wreck 50 feet! Walt Disney was fun-loving. Walt gave him his personality. And they were crying. He sees that unionization is coming into the studios whether we like it or not, and he wants to settle this. Narrator: Walt Disney was an international celebrity by the time he was 30, hailed a genius before he was 40, with honorary degrees from Harvard and Yale. Instead, Disney was given a special Oscar for his pioneering work in feature-length cartoons. Walt Disney was a genius. And so Walt is sort of shocked and disheartened by the responses that he's getting. Will it be a failure? The strike is 1941. It's blocking the view of the castle. Ron Suskind, Writer: Disney's a Rorschach in America. The bosses at Universal Pictures were so taken with the first sketches of Oswald they offered a contract for 26 episodes. It's the first time, and the only time, he ever complimented our work, and he winked at us, and walked down the hall. He was fun." Walt was considering this advice when a cartoon distributor from New York got in touch. And it's just not something he was accustomed to. Ooh the old…. And that was very, very important to him. More than a million children signed up. He's seeking place. Keep running! Narrator: By the time the third and final episode of Dave Crockett aired, a quarter of the entire American population was tuned in. Tomorrowland compassed advances in science and technology that assured better days to come. And we all gathered in Bill Anderson's office, a whole bunch of us. It was no Snow White, as far as he was concerned. Don Hahn, Animator: It's like, "I did the mouse. Tom Sito And in fact it says that the studios would themselves agree not to hire anyone who was understood to be, alleged to be, a Communist. It was a flowering of the animation industry. Carmenita Higginbotham, Art Historian: He feels it very important to identify and to make note of his Midwestern background, and to propagate that story. Walt Disney (archival): Well, I've always said there will never be another Disneyland, Governor... Narrator: Walt remained cagey about the scope and outlines of what he called Project Future. He used to say, "Don't play too rough," he'd say. Neal Gabler, Biographer: In the shorter cartoons, you can make people laugh. Alyssa Graca Disney's work counts adoring fans on every continent and critics who decried its smooth façade of sentimentality and stubborn optimism, its feel-good re-write of American history. "He was completely natural. Walt Disney. As Disney rose to prominence and gained financial security, his work became increasingly celebratory of the American way of life that made his unlikely success possible. While the Reds was partial to rotation, he rarely stepped away from his favoured 4-2-3-1 system as English football began to abandon it’s 4-4-2 roots. Walt came in and said, "How's it going?" And it's not shareholders. "I got to be a little celebrity.". "A kick in the pants to jar loose some inspiration and enthusiasm.". Narrator: Audiences across the country walked away from Pinocchio emotionally drained, and enormously satisfied. American teenagers were discovering The Beatles, and Bob Dylan, and James Brown, and beginning to worry about a growing war in a place called Vietnam. Oviatt Library, California State University, Northridge Davy Crockett, Davy Crockett (archival): Excuse me, General. And you could feel that he felt restricted in what he - how far he could go. Marty Sklar, Executive: You're walking into the story. So in this way Disney becomes completely conventional. Walt Disney (archival audio): Well, Johnny, I first heard the stories of Uncle Remus when I was a boy down in Missouri. And all of those animators just thrive because Disney sets it up as a legitimate profession. Walt Disney, Disneyland (archival): Now we want you to share with us, our latest and greatest dream. I'd begin to cry, and the least little thing, I'd just go that way. Lauren Prestileo. Narrator: Mickey was a multi-talented charmer -- a dancer, a comedian, a singer, and within months, never mind he was just a cartoon, Mickey Mouse was the newest Hollywood celebrity. Have a gay holiday and don't forget to write Bon Voyage! If you could get "That'll work" from Walt Disney, you knew you had done your job. Don Hahn, Animator: Walt loves to draw, and he can draw, and he gets attention by drawing. Well, I couldn't get out of that chair quicker to get home. His enthusiasm of pursuing where he wanted to go, and everybody was just going to follow him right along. He even sold rights to his own name, to Walt Disney Productions. He certainly didn't think through the problems of the Depression. But doing in-between work, why am I going to pay them top dollar? Ron Miller, Producer: There was no animation in Mary Poppins. Walt was able to scrape together just enough cash to complete Alice. Blackhawk Films Collection Marty Sklar, Executive: Oh, it was awful. And I would say, "I got a great idea," and Walt would say, "We'll tell you if you have a great idea. Leslie Strain, Additional Music It was now West Bank animation, modern art, really. (Enter your ZIP code for information on American Experience events and screening in your area.). I think Walt Disney's attitude was: Lookit, anybody can do that stuff. He very much believed in the narratives that it was offering. Oh, thank you! Becky Cline Matthew Dobrowski Steven Watts, Historian: He didn't handle criticism very well, ever. He was anxious and obsessive, chain-smoking day and night, drumming his thumbs impatiently on the table in story meetings. He's very powerful. Tom Sito, Animator: He was very jovial. He could take those feelings that were so central to who he was, put 'em on screen, and allow other people to also feel them along with him. George Banks, Mary Poppins (archival): I proposed? He had no stomach for an on-going fight over ideology, and no interest. Tom Sito, Writer: The Burbank River goes past the Disney Studio and then it goes a mile or two down by where the UPA studio was. He has big plans. This is practically where I came in. This was obsession. Think of all that we could share! The master animators, that's one thing. Walt kept up a happy front, especially for his two daughters, but things were not great on the Disney lot. Narrator: Walt Disney was still a few months shy of his 18th birthday when he returned from France after the first world war in 1919, and he was already better off than most of the two million other American boys streaming back home. I hope it's him. Why can't we use the trends that are entering into modern art? These are older men making kind of crude, hard animation. And like the Peter Pan Fly-Through -- . Walt Disney, Disneyland (archival): Shooting out from here, like the four cardinal points... Narrator: The Disneyland TV show featured a different hour-long offering every week, each show mapped onto one of the four realms at the theme park Walt was building. It's this golden city on the west coast. The company reassured investors by taking out a $1.5 million life insurance policy on its key asset: Walt Disney. Group of slaves on plantation, Song of the South (archival, singing): It's the same ol' thing, want to get a bag of something for the hungry lord. Walt Disney (archival audio): In the 20 years I have spent in this business, I have weathered many storms. There was no regulations, or no customs, or no conformity. Jim Fanning "The whole film is beautifully produced," wrote one. So GE would be right next door to Ford. Narrator: Walt was counting on a big box-office hit to revive his faltering studio, and he believed Bambi could fill that bill. Narrator: "You have made a great many pictures that have touched the hearts of the world," wrote legendary producer Samuel Goldwyn. Present Walt Disney's Disneyland! He sold vacuum cleaners door-to-door when he first got to town, and he admonished his brother to find a similar job -- one that paid. Sarah Nilsen, Film Historian: He was really into modern culture. Group of slaves on plantation, Song of the South (archival, singing): …Go fly away! Filmmakers Collaborative, Inc. Advisors Just think about that. Barbara Babbitt Susan Douglas, Media Historian: Davy Crockett was homespun, plain spoken, tough, enterprising. It's a beautiful dress! Well he's like, "Ha! And they were moved from here to this file. "My first bit of fame came there," he said. Carmenita Higginbotham, Art Historian: There is something very affable about Walt Disney the host. Don Hahn, Animator: So here's Stravinsky, and George Balanchine comes by the studio, "Well, let's choreograph some dancing for us." Alice in Cartoonland, he crowed, was "bound to be a winner. It was terrible, it was horrible. Almost all of his team had abandoned him. Walt Disney was aware of the gap between himself and the persona he had created for public consumption. Tom Sito, Writer: That's not enough for a trial. Banks family, Mary Poppins (archival, singing): ...Fly a kite! His only formal training was a few months at an art school in Chicago, and a course at the Kansas City Art Institute, but he was convinced he could make better than what he was seeing. He was an ethos. Get the latest on new films and digital content, learn about events in your area, and get your weekly fix of American history. Sarah Nilsen, Film Historian: "How do we deal with growing up? Disney "stands for something.". This was just fine with Roy; he was happy to have Walt and his explosive temper remain at a safe remove while he tried to make peace with the Screen Cartoonists Guild. General Jackson, Davy Crockett (archival): Goodbye? He had a knack. Tens of millions around the world listened to a Disney record, or bought Disney-licensed merchandise, or tuned into Walt's television show. I made movies and things, but is that a real contribution or is that just popcorn? Sarah Nilsen, Film Historian: He is feeling so much inside and he wants people to feel what he feels is inside. Carmenita Higginbotham, Art Historian: Fantasia raises a number of questions as to if Walt is stepping beyond himself, if he's not appreciating his limits. But he wanted acceptance and love and acclaim with a greediness that would have looked pathetic in a less successful man. Walt had waved this off as the hobby-horse of a few hotheads and union agitators, right up to May 29, 1941, the day nearly half of his art department walked out to take up positions on the picket line. Ron Suskind, Writer: All of a sudden the moment of the shared, that "we are in this together, the victories are all of our victories," that spell gets broken. It was just getting too big and losing the family touch.
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