Discuss the constitutional provisions placed to ensure the independence of High courts in India. Similarly, Tamil spoken in Kanyakumari District has more unique words and phonetic style than Tamil spoken at other parts of Tamil Nadu. Aditya I and his son Parantaka I expanded the kingdom to the northern parts of Tamil Nadu by defeating the last Pallava king, Aparajitavarman. [167], Tamil Nadu is one of the highly industrialised states in India. Plosives are unvoiced if they occur word-initially or doubled. [40], According to Hindu legend, Tamil or in personification form Tamil Thāi (Mother Tamil) was created by Lord Shiva. To protect this diversity of wildlife there are Protected areas of Tamil Nadu as well as biospheres which protect larger areas of natural habitat often include one or more national parks. Tamil does not distinguish phonologically between voiced and unvoiced consonants; phonetically, voice is assigned depending on a consonant's position in a word. [48], Southworth suggests that the name comes from tam-miḻ > tam-iḻ "self-speak", or "one's own speech". [145][146] Services contributes to 45 per cent of the economic activity in the state, followed by manufacturing at 34 per cent and agriculture at 21 per cent. In November 2019, the state government issued an order to add 9,000 new words to the vocabulary. [115] During the Indian Independence Movement, many Tamil poets and writers sought to provoke national spirit, social equity and secularist thoughts among the common man, notably Subramanya Bharathy and Bharathidasan. [62] Modern spoken Tamil also shows a number of sound changes, in particular, a tendency to lower high vowels in initial and medial positions,[63] and the disappearance of vowels between plosives and between a plosive and rhotic. What Languages Are Spoken In Puerto Rico. The Vellore mutiny on 10 July 1806 was the first instance of a large-scale mutiny by Indian sepoys against the British East India Company, predating the Indian Rebellion of 1857 by half a century. [76][77] Chennai is also the sixth-most populous city in India according to the 2011 Indian census. Old Tamil's iṅkaṇ (where kaṇ means place) is the source of iṅkane in the dialect of Tirunelveli, Old Tamil iṅkiṭṭu is the source of iṅkuṭṭu in the dialect of Madurai, and iṅkaṭe in some northern dialects. Tamilis the official language of the state. Since the state is entirely dependent on rains for recharging its water resources, monsoon failures lead to acute water scarcity and severe drought. Products manufactured include circuit boards and cellular phone handsets. It is spoken by the 88.67 percent of Tamil populace. After Tamil Brahmi fell out of use, Tamil was written using a script called vaṭṭeḻuttu amongst others such as Grantha and Pallava. Other problems include class, gender, inter-district, and urban-rural disparities. [96][97] Tamil dialects are primarily differentiated from each other by the fact that they have undergone different phonological changes and sound shifts in evolving from Old Tamil. [66] As of 2019, the language had a listed vocabulary of over 470,000 unique words, including those from old literary sources. [41] The office of mayoralty of Madras was established in 1688. For example, ன is ṉa (with the inherent a) and ன் is ṉ (without a vowel). Tamil Nadu had the second largest number of poultry amongst all the states and accounted for 17.7 per cent of the total poultry population in India. It is followed by Telegu (5.87%), Kannada (1.78%), Urdu (1.75%), Malayalam (1.01%), and other languages. [28] The Tamil Lexicon, published by the University of Madras, was one of the earliest dictionaries published in the Indian languages. Mauritius: 72,089: Tamils are the first immigrants to Mauritius who were brought by French. The Indian Triathlon Federation and the Volleyball Federation of India are headquartered in Chennai. DMPQ- Analyze the guidelines issued by Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) for implementation of Wetlands (Conservation and Management) Rules, 2017. [65] Simultaneously, a strong strain of linguistic purism emerged in the early 20th century, culminating in the Pure Tamil Movement which called for removal of all Sanskritic elements from Tamil. Neyveli Airport is being renovated since 2019[184] to start the service from mid 2020. Modern-day Tamil Nadu was formed in 1956 after the reorganisation of states on linguistic lines. [18][19] It has the oldest extant literature among Dravidian languages. [59], The Nannul remains the standard normative grammar for modern literary Tamil, which therefore continues to be based on Middle Tamil of the 13th century rather than on Modern Tamil. [84][85] The life expectancy at birth for males is 65.2 years and for females it is 67.6 years. The Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative ranks Tamil Nadu to have a Multidimensional Poverty Index of 0.141, which is in the level of Ghana among the developing countries. The fall of the Vijayanagara empire and the Chandragiri Nayakas gave the sultanate of Golconda a chance to expand into the Tamil heartland. Tamil Nadu is divided in to four major divisions as per the ancient Tamil kings namely Pallava Nadu division, Chera Nadu division, Chola Nadu division and Pandya Nadu division and the four divisions are further subdivided into 38 districts, which are listed below. The urban bodies include 15 city corporations, 152 municipalities and 529 town panchayats. However, Formal Tamil is used in news report, public meetings, political speeches, formal gatherings etc. Tamil verbs are also inflected through the use of suffixes. British constructed Fort St. George[40] and established a trading post at Madras. The state teaches only two languages - Tamil and English - in the government school curriculum, and the parties do not want a third language introduced at all. [83], India has a human development index calculated as 0.619, while the corresponding figure for Tamil Nadu is 0.736, placing it among the top states in the country. Pollock, Sheldon (1996). [46][47], The Samavayanga Sutra dated to the 3rd century BC contains a reference to a Tamil script named 'Damili'. Classes focus on both the written and spoken forms of the language and incorporate a wide range of materials including modern Tamil fiction, classical poetry, and contemporary film.____________________. Hebbar and Mandyam dialects, spoken by groups of Tamil Vaishnavites who migrated to Karnataka in the 11th century, retain many features of the Vaishnava paribasai, a special form of Tamil developed in the 9th and 10th centuries that reflect Vaishnavite religious and spiritual values. The Nilgiri Mountain Railway (part of the Mountain Railways of India) is one of the UNESCO World Heritage Site connecting Ooty on the hills and Mettupalayam in the foothills which is in turn connected to Coimbatore. The loco shed at Erode is a huge composite electric and diesel Loco shed. Tamil is also spoken by the descendants of Tamil immigrants who are living in various parts of the world including South America, Caribbean, North America, Europe, Mauritius, and Malaysia. Gregorian 2000 is Thiruvalluvar 2031. It is also an official language in Sri Lanka and Singapore and has additional speakers in …

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