employ the emotions—such as indignation, or pity—in driving home their application in individual cases. Hence, since it includes Plato, Democritus, Aristotle, Theophrastus, Varro, He might even be cast into a tyrant's prison, be put upon the rack and subjected to horrible and pitiable tortures. To attain this essential knowledge we must never relax Notes et références. however vast, which lacks all grace of expression, would seem to be put under a The great Orators of antiquity must by all means be For this reason they are held to be not truly human pleasures, but rather servile and brutish ones. 12-32 Excerpts from The Humanism of Leonardo Bruni, by Gordon Griffiths, James Hankins, David Thompson, MRTS vol. var a=new Image(); a.src=img; return a; our careful attention to the grammar of the language, but perpetually confirm Thus, both in private and in public life, whatever we do excellently and creditably either for the sake of ourselves, our country, or those we hold dearest, it all comes to us from prudence and the virtues connected with it. historian will be careful of the effect to be gained by spondaic, iambic, dactylic or other rhythm in arousing differing emotions congruous to his matter in hand. avaricious man is too eager to acquire money and too parsimonious in spending it. 32   Happiness is truly our goal in all of life; we are born with a desire for it. writings we find deep speculations upon Nature, and upon the Causes and Origins If, then, we would be happy, let us make great efforts to be good men and practice virtue. nor poverty, nor exile could stand in the way of the happy life. Whence it follows that Poet, 27   Whenever I speak about virtue proper, then, whether moral or intellectual, you must understand that I speak of the virtues of the soul, not of the body. The lust for revenge, or wrath, tends to become too violent; it is therefore resisted by good temper. observing the sense of each passage, the structure of the sentence, the force everywhere; and the chance of learning will not fail [me]. .There are doctors of civil law Leonardo Bruni (1369-1444) was born at Arrezzo and is sometimes known as Leonardo Aretino. That high standard of education to which I referred at the outset For such occasions that marvelous Without it the great monuments of There is a particular virtue between these two vices, which is perfectly clear to the mind, but for which there is no agreed-upon term. Philosophie hédoniste - Leonardo Bruni le stoïcien, séminaire du mardi 27 janvier 2004 à l'Université populaire de Caen, par Michel Onfray style, that verve and force, which are invaluable to us both in writing and in 1   I am led to address this Tractate to you, Illustrious Lady, by the high repute which attaches to your name in the field of learning; and I offer it, partly as an expression of my homage to distinction already attained, partly as an encouragement to further effort. his works History of His Own Times in Italy and On Learning and Literature. MSFPhover = A summary of this is contained in the remaining extracts, which are taken from his Isagogue of Moral Philosophy written for Galeotto Ricasoli. Leonardo Bruni (1369-1444) was born at Whilst we, alas, are fallen upon such times that a learned man seems well-nigh a portent, and erudition in a woman is a thing utterly unknown. Extracted from the electronic text of the Hanover Historical Texts project: scanned, proofread and posted by Raluca Preotu, 1998-1999; proofread and pages added by Jonathan Perry, April 2001. It does not treat of first principles, however, but moves discursively from what is already known. But turn from them to their successors of today: how must we blush for their ignorance of the whole field of Letters! 1370–d. debased style infect our own writing and degrade our taste; which danger is Leonardo Bruni on Women and Rhetoric 49 institutione feminae christianae (1524), which seek to ensure women’s moral safety by keeping them to the most restricted reading diet possible.4 Bruni, by contrast, casts his ideal female pupil in a heroiz- ing mold, commending her … A comic dramatist may season his wit too highly: a satirist describe too bluntly the moral corruption that he scourges: let her pass them by. Our learning thus becomes full, ready, varied and elegant, available for action or for discourse in all subjects. For it is possible for a wise man and good man, learned and accomplished though he be in all virtues, to be reduced to a state of poverty, bereavement or 15   But many difficulties would seem to arise if one asks whether this sort of life really lies within the power of the wise man; that is, whether the good man can maintain himself in the happy life by virtue alone. They held that favorable conditions of the body or of fortune were not goods, and that unfavorable conditions were not evils. Chrysoloras the Byzantine, a man of noble birth and well literature are unintelligible, and the art of composition impossible. Arrezzo and is sometimes known as Leonardo Aretino. Bruni presented this basic model for education in his Treatise on the Study of Literature, while his contemporaries made similar arguments in educational treatises of their own (Kallendorf 2002). Yet occasions do arise when a wise man will prefer an honorable death to a disgraced life, when suffering physical harm for the sake of glory is better than being healthy but despised. 28   The rational part is also double. For we cannot point to any great mind of the past for whom the Poets had not a powerful attraction. He did not agree with … These two traits are reversed in the prodigal man: he is careless about acquiring money and too freehanded in his largess. partly thrown away. contemplative life is, to be sure, the more divine and rare, but the active is more excellent with respect to the common good. If we turn to Cicero, we find him not content with quoting Ennius, Accius, and others of the Latins, but rendering poems from the Greek and employing them habitually. The Hence the two kinds of justice: one is a universal virtue, the other a singular. make effectual use of what we know we must add to our knowledge the power of expression. (parseInt(navigator.appVersion) >= 4 ))); (((navigator.appName == "Netscape") && In England, among the most prominent proponents of humanism in … causes vexation and torment. The report of him soon spread, and he He is representative of the third generation of humanist scholars in the Italian renaissance. Wisdom, science, and understanding, for example, nourish the contemplative, but prudence controls every active pursuit. Orator, Historian, and the rest, all must be studied, each must contribute a Aristotle, in constantly quoting Homer, Hesiod, Pindar, Euripides and Our learning thus becomes full, ready, varied and elegant, available for See the tomb here. But this varies with the accidents of time, and our deliberations are guided by experience. 9   I come now to poetry and the poets—a subject with which every educated lady must show her self thoroughly familiar. spirit, accurate scholarship, and careful attention to details. 6   . And the music of the prose thus interpreted by the voice will react with advantage upon your own composition, and at the same time will improve your own reading by compelling deliberate and intelligent expression. or overview of a discipline. worthy of the subject. 3   This leads me to press home this truth—though in your case it is unnecessary—that the foundations of all true learning must be laid in the sound and thorough knowledge of Latin: which implies study marked by a broad spirit, accurate scholarship, and careful attention to details. and had spent no little pains on dialectic and rhetoric…. Who could still call him happy amid so many evils, even though he were overflowing with virtues? Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 1912. bushel or partly thrown away. For they lived in days when learning was no rare attainment, and therefore they enjoyed no unique renown. Bruni est considéré comme l'un des tout temps historique le plus important. But this activity cannot be the simple act of living, since that is shared with the plants; nor is it sensation, since even the brute animals possess The non-rational part is partly vegetative (it manifests itself also in plants) and completely empty of reason, and partly appetitive, with a Seneca, Statius, and others like them, rank with the noblest names, and may—nay, must—be the trusted companions of all who aspire to be called cultivated.

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