Thus, the electron-polarization equals the molar refraction, . 1006,  Damaturu, Yobe State, Nigeria. London Journal of Research in Science: Natural and Formal, Authored by Najoji, Sunday David , Yerima, J. Benson, A: Software Engineering and Computing Algorithms, D: Big Data, Cloud and Database Engineering, D: Electrical, Electronic and Semiconductors, E: Accounting, Taxation Accounting and Auditing, H: Interdisciplinary, Multidisciplinary and Diversified, F: ENT / Ear Nose Throat Specialist, Dentistry and Otolaryngology, G: Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine, A : Physics, Space Science and Electronics, H: Interdisciplinary and Multidisciplinary, H: Education, Library Science, Sports Science and Physical Education, I: Public Administration, Forensic Science, J:Interdisciplinary and Multidisciplinary, Temperature Dependence of Static Dielectric Constant of Lophiralanceolata (Echinacea) Oil, ____________________________________________. The Dielectric Strength of transformer oil is very important since it is essential in maintaining the reliable operation of power transformers. Substituting the values Vm = 11.91×10-3 m3 and n =1.463 obtained by David (2008) gives Rm = 3.28×10-3 m3 at 30 oC. All terms, conditions, contents, activities, services are subject to change anytime without intimation. Our results show that LLO is a polar dielectric which is an important indicator of oil quality. The presence of water in the oil increases dielectric loss and attaches U-shaped forms in dependence on tgδ temperature (temperature at least 50°C). (Rakshit, 1997). The dielectrics are mostly useful engineering materials. We don't save this data. There is a threshold concentration of water in the oil for a given temperature and relative air humidity above which tgδ greatly increases. Chemically, fats are carboxylic acids (esters) derived from the single alcohol, glycerol, and are known as glycerides. The expression for dielectric constant k = θ, as developed earlier in the theory was used to calculate the static dielectric constant of LLO at the mains frequency (50 Hz) at various temperatures(Table 1). The results show that the static dielectric constant decreases with increasing temperature according to the Clausius-Mosotti equation for polar dielectrics. Strictly Necessary Cookie should be enabled at all times so that we can save your preferences for cookie settings. Y. G. Hwang; U. K-G Kang and M. Seang (1994) Relationship between physical and chemical properties of frying vegetable oils, HangukSilklyonHakhoechi 23 (4): 654-659, P. C. Rakshit (1997) Physical Chemistry, 4. reprint, Calcutta: P. M. Bagchi, Modern Book Agency Private Limited, 88. Add standard and customized parametric components - like flange beams, lumbers, piping, stairs and more - to your Sketchup model with the Engineering ToolBox - SketchUp Extension - enabled for use with the amazing, fun and free SketchUp Make and SketchUp Pro .Add the Engineering ToolBox extension to your SketchUp from the SketchUp Pro Sketchup Extension Warehouse! Since charge is proportional to current or deflection in a galvanometer then this equation becomes k = θ. . Dielectric constants at these frequencies are called static because the dielectric constant of materials shows virtually no frequency dependence in this frequency region. In the light of this, the value of θ. Our results show that LLO is a polar dielectric which is an important indicator of oil quality. We don't collect information from our users. The only other common technology capable of this is infrared spectroscopy (Carey and Hayzen, 2001). To determine dielectric strength, transformer oil is periodically tested by means of an oil punching apparatus. Dielectric Strength of Transformer Insulating Oil, Oil Purification and Regeneration Equipment. The expression for dielectric constant k = θoil/θair as developed earlier in the theory was used to calculate the static dielectric constant of LLO at the mains frequency (50 Hz) at various temperatures(Table 1). The first fundamental experimental result discovered by Faraday showed that the capacitance of a capacitor is increased if the space between the conducting parallel plates is filled with a dielectric material (Yerima, 1988). After oil processing by our equipment series CMM in ELKIMA  transformer was successfully tested. Relative permittivity can be expressed as, εr = relative permittivity - or dielectric constant, ε = permittivity of substance (C2/(N m2)), ε0 = permittivity of vacuum or free space (8.854187817 10-12 C2/(N m2)). Dielectric strength of oils is also determined by the dielectric loss tangent or “Tan Delta.” As stated above, dielectric strength of transformer oil is mainly determined by the presence of acids, water, and other contaminates in the oil. Society flourish when two institutions come together." Fig.2 shows that the dielectric constant of LLO decreases with increasing temperature T in the range 293- 353 K. On heating, oils are known to undergo thermal degradation and decomposition as a result of some secondary reactions that produce polar compounds such as free fatty acid, hydroxyl compounds, diperoxides, and mono-and di-triglycerides which decreases k with T (Manji et al, 2007; Hwang et al, 1994). It is easy to distinguish different classes of oil by measuring the dielectric constant. Even though Samuel and Maimuna (2007) did give error in their result, the difference may be attributed to the age and amount of slurry particles present depending on the different methods of extraction. Maxwell showed that for the same electromagnetic wave, the refractive index (n) of a medium is related to its dielectric constant (k) by the equation k = n2. Google use cookies for serving our ads and handling visitor statistics. Thus, from the two equations, we can see that k = Q, . But this is not strictly so. For fixed potential difference between the plates of a capacitor, the charge on the capacitor and its capacitance increase by a factor k while for fixed charge, the electric field intensity and potential difference between the plates decrease by 1/k of their original values before the dielectric is introduced between the plates (Yerima, 1988).The permittivity of the dielectric medium is defined as where εo = 8.854×10-12 Fm-1 is an electric constant representing the permittivity of free space or vacuum. The space between the plates of the capacitor was completed filled with lophiralanceolata oil (LLO). In a nutshell, it is a macroscopic quantity that measures how effective an electric field is in polarizing the material. The nuclei remain unchanged. Castor oil natural ester 4.7: High dielectric constant. B. Yerima (1988) Some physical properties of groundnut oil, palm oil and coconut water and their temperature dependence, B. Sc. Even when corrected for long waves the refractive index gives the effect of the long waves on the electrons only. The dielectric constant - also called the relative permittivity indicates how easily a material can become polarized by imposition of an electric field on an insulator. The variation of the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with temperature up to 60 K above room temperature with air as dielectric is assumed to be negligible (Yerima, 1988). Only emails and answers are saved in our archive. This means that every time you visit this website you will need to enable or disable cookies again. With air as dielectric, when K1 was closed and K2 opened, the capacitor C was charged to maximum voltage Vo = 5 V. When K1 was opened and K2 closed, the maximum deflection θair on the galvanometer was recorded. Author Membership provide access to scientific innovation, next generation tools, access to conferences/seminars/symposiums/webinars, networking σ: Department of Physics, School of Physical Sciences, Moddibo Adama University of Technology P.M.B 2076 Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria. Subscription membership is available for individuals universities and institutions (print & online). If C, is the capacitance of the capacitor with the space between the conductors evacuated and C its capacitance when the space is filled with a dielectric, then the ratio C/C, = k is called relative permittivity or dielectric constant which is independent of the shape or dimensions of the conductors and is solely a characteristic of the dielectric medium (Serway, 1996).The dielectric constant is a measure of its ability to transmit electrical potential energy. The Dielectric strength of transformer oil is also known as the breakdown voltage of the transformer oil. The capacitor with oil between its plates was immersed in the water in the bath was heated to a constant temperature by means of an electric heater (H) and stirrer which are elements of the automatic bimetallic temperature regulator R(PHYWE 08482.93, Nr 986, 220V 50 Hz 3.5A).With LLO as dielectric, the procedure of measuring maximum deflection θoil was repeated at various temperatures with the capacitor dipped in the water bath in such a way its open end was slightly above the water surface (Fig.1).

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