[38][39][40] In January 2019, active Python core developers elected Brett Cannon, Nick Coghlan, Barry Warsaw, Carol Willing and Van Rossum to a five-member "Steering Council" to lead the project. [8] Its implementation began in December 1989. This leads to duplicating some functionality. [160], Python has been successfully embedded in many software products as a scripting language, including in finite element method software such as Abaqus, 3D parametric modeler like FreeCAD, 3D animation packages such as 3ds Max, Blender, Cinema 4D, Lightwave, Houdini, Maya, modo, MotionBuilder, Softimage, the visual effects compositor Nuke, 2D imaging programs like GIMP,[161] Inkscape, Scribus and Paint Shop Pro,[162] and musical notation programs like scorewriter and capella. Unlike many other languages, it does not use curly brackets to delimit blocks, and semicolons after statements are optional. More about simple math functions in Python 3. Tuples and Sequences — Python 3.7.1rc2 documentation", "PEP 498 -- Literal String Interpolation", "Why must 'self' be used explicitly in method definitions and calls? CPython is the reference implementation of Python. An experimental optional static type checker named mypy supports compile-time type checking.[89]. It includes modules for creating graphical user interfaces, connecting to relational databases, generating pseudorandom numbers, arithmetic with arbitrary-precision decimals,[105] manipulating regular expressions, and unit testing. Learn Python Programming What is Python? Calculations are simple with Python, and expression syntax is straightforward: the operators +, -, * and / work as expected; parentheses () can be used for grouping. Built-in Types — Python 3.6.3rc1 documentation", "5.3. Python's design offers some support for functional programming in the Lisp tradition. [117], MicroPython and CircuitPython are Python 3 variants optimized for microcontrollers. To say that code is pythonic is to say that it uses Python idioms well, that it is natural or shows fluency in the language, that it conforms with Python's minimalist philosophy and emphasis on readability. Twisted is a framework to program communications between computers, and is used (for example) by Dropbox. Python uses dynamic typing and a combination of reference counting and a cycle-detecting garbage collector for memory management. This compact modularity has made it particularly popular as a means of adding programmable interfaces to existing applications. [114] Its just-in-time compiler brings a significant speed improvement over CPython but several libraries written in C cannot be used with it. It includes many of the modules from the CPython implementations and some additional modules to integrate with the Symbian operating system. Its language constructs and object-oriented approach aim to help programmers write clear, logical code for small and large-scale projects. Learn More. [30] Python 3.0, released in 2008, was a major revision of the language that is not completely backward-compatible and much Python 2 code does not run unmodified on Python 3. Division between integers produces floating point results. [28], Python is dynamically typed and garbage-collected. Before version 3.0, Python had two kinds of classes: old-style and new-style. [128] Python coding style is covered in PEP 8. [53] Many other paradigms are supported via extensions, including design by contract[54][55] and logic programming.[56]. [36] Van Rossum shouldered sole responsibility for the project, as the lead developer, until 12 July 2018, when he announced his "permanent vacation" from his responsibilities as Python's Benevolent Dictator For Life, a title the Python community bestowed upon him to reflect his long-term commitment as the project's chief decision-maker. SageMath is a mathematical software with a notebook interface programmable in Python: its library covers many aspects of mathematics, including algebra, combinatorics, numerical mathematics, number theory, and calculus. Web frameworks like Django, Pylons, Pyramid, TurboGears, web2py, Tornado, Flask, Bottle and Zope support developers in the design and maintenance of complex applications. ", "Application-level Stackless features — PyPy 2.0.2 documentation", "Guido, Some Guys, and a Mailing List: How Python is Developed", "[Python-Dev] Release Schedules (was Stability & change)", "PEP 602 -- Annual Release Cycle for Python", "Changing the Python release cadence [LWN.net]", "In Python, should I use else after a return in an if block? Users and admirers of Python, especially those considered knowledgeable or experienced, are often referred to as Pythonistas. [1] This feature is sometimes termed the off-side rule, which some other languages share, but in most languages indentation doesn't have any semantic meaning. Python can serve as a scripting language for web applications, e.g., via mod_wsgi for the Apache web server. They are floor division (or integer division), Conditional expressions in Python are written as, Strings delimited by single or double quote marks. [110] It compiles Python programs into an intermediate bytecode[111] which is then executed by its virtual machine. [156] With Web Server Gateway Interface, a standard API has evolved to facilitate these applications. ", "Ada 83 Reference Manual (raise statement)", "Interview with Guido van Rossum (July 1998)", "itertools — Functions creating iterators for efficient looping — Python 3.7.1 documentation", "PEP 318 – Decorators for Functions and Methods", "The Genie Programming Language Tutorial", "Perl and Python influences in JavaScript", "Chapter 3: The Nature of JavaScript; Influences", "A Python Book: Beginning Python, Advanced Python, and Python Exercises", "Python Insider: Python 2.7.18, the last release of Python 2", https://redmonk.com/sogrady/2020/02/28/language-rankings-1-20/, https://www.wired.com/story/python-language-more-popular-than-ever/, "SETL (was: Lukewarm about range literals)", "Guido van Rossum Stepping Down from Role as Python's Benevolent Dictator For Life", "Guido van Rossum Stepping Down from Role as Python's Benevolent Dictator For Life | Linux Journal", "Python boss Guido van Rossum steps down after 30 years", https://discuss.python.org/t/steering-council-nomination-guido-van-rossum-2020-term/2657/11, "Automated Python 2 to 3 code translation — Python Documentation", "PEP 466 -- Network Security Enhancements for Python 2.7.x", "Python Developer's Guide — Python Developer's Guide", "PyDBC: method preconditions, method postconditions and class invariants for Python", "Extending and Embedding the Python Interpreter: Reference Counts", "6.5 itertools – Functions creating iterators for efficient looping", "15 Ways Python Is a Powerful Force on the Web", "8.18. pprint — Data pretty printer — Python 3.8.3 documentation", "Code Like a Pythonista: Idiomatic Python", "Is Python a good language for beginning programmers?

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