The solid sodium reacts with liquid water to produce molecular hydrogen gas and the ionic compound sodium hydroxide (a solid in pure form, but readily dissolved in water). The net ionic equation representing this reaction is: [latex]\text{Pb}^{2+}(aq) + 2\text{I}^{-}(aq) \longrightarrow \text{PbI}_2(s)[/latex] ... potassium sulfate and barium nitrate (b) lithium chloride and silver acetate (c) lead nitrate and ammonium carbonate. Simplest ionic equation Ba2+ (aq) + SO 4 2-(aq) BaSO 4 (s). BaSO4 is used in medicine as a ‘Barium meal’ given to patients who need x-rays of their intestines. The reactants are sodium hydroxide and nitric acid, so Chris added sodium hydroxide to nitric acid. Take into account that about 5% of the product is lost. (c) The decomposition of solid barium nitrate leads to the formation of solid barium oxide, diatomic nitrogen gas, and diatomic oxygen gas. Molecular Equation: 2KCl (aq) + Pb(NO3)2 (aq) -> 2KNO3 (aq) + PbCl2 (s) Complete Ionic Equation: ... barium nitrate: glutamic acid: chemistry laws: hunsdiecker reaction: butyric acid: Ketone Formula: Write the formulas of barium nitrate and potassium chlorate. Sulfuric acid reacts to neutralize aqueous sodium hydroxide. A precipitate is a solid When making an insoluble salt, normally the salt would be removed by filtration, washed with (Click here if you have formulas) (1 page printable PDF of these steps) Silver Chloride + Rubidium Nitrate . For example, when an ionic compound such as salt is dissolved in a suitable solvent (such as water), the atoms that constitute the salt undergo dissociation and form free ions. (b) Solid aluminum metal reacts with solid diatomic iodine to form solid Al 2 I 6. Net- Ionic Equation: Eliminate the spectator ions (two hydrogen ions and two chloride ions) from the ionic equation gives the net ionic equation; Ba 2+ (aq) + SO 4 2-(aq) → BaSO 4 (s) The net ionic equation isolates the two reactants that actually change chemical and the single new substance produced. sodium chloride calcium sulfate and cerium(III) sulfate, become less soluble in water as temperature increases (ΔG < 0). This inventory will mandate 2 NO3 groups on the right—and also on the left. Using the activity series, write a balanced chemical equation for the following reactions: 1. iron metal is added to a solution of copper (II) nitrate 2. zinc metal is added to a solution of magnesium sulfate 3. hydrobromic acid . The basic equation = mass of element / mass of compound X 100%. B) A complete ionic equation is a chemical equation showing all of the species as they are actually present in solution. Honors Chemistry Name_____ Period_____ Net Ionic Equation Worksheet READ THIS: When two solutions of ionic compounds are mixed, a solid may form. (AW of barium: 137.3, sulfur: 32.1, nitrogen: 14.0, oxygen: 16.0) equation: Ba(NO 3)2 + Na 2SO 4 → BaSO 4 + 2NaNO 3 The expected products are water and barium nitrate, so the initial chemical reaction is. Write a balanced equation for the following: aqueous barium chloride reacts with aqueous sodium chromate to form aqueous sodium chloride plus solid barium chromate. Using the activity series, write a balanced chemical equation for the following reactions: 1. iron metal is added to a solution of copper (II) nitrate 2. zinc metal is added to a solution of magnesium sulfate 3. hydrobromic acid . Predict the result of mixing reasonably concentrated solutions of the following ionic compounds. The decomposition of solid potassium chlorate leads to the formation of solid potassium chloride and diatomic oxygen gas. If precipitation is expected, write a balanced net ionic equation for the reaction. If Chris added an indicator to the acid then a colour change would be observed as the base (sodium hydroxide) reacted with the acid (nitric acid). 4. 1. Using the activity series, write a balanced chemical equation for the following reactions: 1. iron metal is added to a solution of copper (II) nitrate 2. zinc metal is added to a solution of magnesium sulfate 3. hydrobromic acid . Chemistry. HNO 3 … The net ionic equation for the reaction of calcium bromide and sodium phosphate contains which of the following species? . A common example is table salt, a molecule of which has a positively charged sodium ion and a negatively charged chloride ion.. 3 Types of Chemical Reactions Notes • Synthesis - two or more elements or compounds combine to form one compound. HCl(aq)+KOH(aq)→KCl(aq)+H2O(l) Express your answer as a net ionic equation. cHEMISTRY. HCl(aq)+KOH(aq)→KCl(aq)+H2O(l) Express your answer as a net ionic equation. If precipitation is expected, write a balanced net ionic equation for the reaction. Write an equation for the reaction. potassium sulfate and barium nitrate. ... oxidation-reduction D) gas evolution E) no reaction. 5. Reactants: sodium nitrate and sulfuric acid Products: sodium sulfate and nitric acid [....although nitric acid typically exists as an aqueous solution.] Major-ion composition was similar in ground-water samples collected from the two shallowest wells (W5 and W4) with both having mixed cations (calcium, magnesium, and sodium) and the same dominant anion, sulfate. De-code the word equation you wrote to try to re-create Chris's experiment. (d) Write separate equations for the reactions of the solid metals magnesium, aluminum, and iron with diatomic oxygen gas to yield the corresponding metal oxides. HNO 3 … The expected products are water and barium nitrate, so the initial chemical reaction is. The basic equation = mass of element / mass of compound X 100%. For example: The reaction of potassium chloride and lead II nitrate. BaSO 4 (s) --> Ba 2+ (aq) + SO 4 2-(aq) Ksp = [Ba 2+][SO 4 2-] Make an "ICE" chart. Percent composition in chemistry typically refers to the percent each element is of the compound's total mass.. H2S04 (sulfate) — sulfuric acid H2S03 (sulfite) — sulfous acid Practice Problems Ionic Dissociation 1 2 3. If acidified barium chloride is added to a solution that contains sulfate ions a white precipitate of barium sulfate forms. (a) Solid potassium chlorate, KClO 3, decomposes to form solid potassium chloride and diatomic oxygen gas. Barium sulfate, BaSO 4 Calcium sulfate, CaSO 4 Lead(II) sulfate, PbSO 4: Carbonates, CO 3 2- ... which we cancel out. The net ionic equation for formation of a precipitate [note correct spelling] when sodium sulfate and barium chloride solutions are mixed is Ba+2 + SO4 -2 -> BaSO4 (s) Write a balanced equation for the following: aqueous barium chloride reacts with aqueous sodium chromate to form aqueous sodium chloride plus solid barium chromate. The least soluble one is barium sulfate and suppose we choose it as the product. For example, when colorless lead nitrate reacts with potassium iodide it forms a yellow precipitate of lead iodide and colorless potassium nitrate. • Single Replacement - a metal will replace a less active metal in an ionic compound OR a nonmetal will replace a less active nonmetal. BaSO4 is used in medicine as a ‘Barium meal’ given to patients who need x-rays of their intestines. Many ionic compounds exhibit significant solubility in water or other polar solvents. Example: In the reaction between barium nitrate and sodium sulfate, how many grams of barium sulfate can be prepared from 10 ml of 10 % (w/v) barium nitrate? Reaction – BaCl 2 + Na 2 SO 4 BaSO 4 + NaCl. Honors Chemistry Name_____ Period_____ Net Ionic Equation Worksheet READ THIS: When two solutions of ionic compounds are mixed, a solid may form. Ionic equation: Cu(s) + 4H + (aq) + 2NO 3 – (aq) Cu 2+ (aq) + 2NO 2 (g) + 2H 2 O(l) This is a tricky redox reaction. Sodium and nitrate ions remain dissolved in the solution. It is best to assume 'complete ionic equation' is what is meant by 'ionic equation.' Many salts behave like barium nitrate and disodium hydrogen arsenate, and show a large increase in solubility with temperature (ΔG > 0). Predict the result of mixing reasonably concentrated solutions of the following ionic compounds. De-code the word equation you wrote to try to re-create Chris's experiment. Precipitate . This is now a balanced equation for the reaction of lead nitrate and potassium chloride. The ionic composition was similar in samples collected from the two deepest wells (W3 and C12)—both were sodium-bicarbonate-type waters. Then we can plug that values into the equation and solve for C 2: ... A Indium nitrate is an ionic compound that contains In 3+ ions and NO 3 ... 12.8 g of sodium hydrogen sulfate in 400 mL of solution; 7.5 g of potassium hydrogen phosphate in 250 mL of solution; Exceptions: The sulfate ion forms insoluble compounds with the following ions: strontium Sr 2+, barium Ba 2+, lead Pb 2+, silver Ag +, calcium Ca 2+, radium Ra 2+, and diatomic silver Ag 2 2+. A) A molecular equation is a chemical equation showing the complete, neutral formulas for every compound in a reaction. 2. and two chloride ions (Cl) on each side. Example: Estimate the solubility of barium sulfate in a 0.020 M sodium The net ionic equation is the chemical equation that shows only the net change. VOILA! B) A complete ionic equation is a chemical equation showing all of the species as they are actually present in solution. Aqueous potassium carbonate reacts with aqueous silver nitrate to … The Steps. From Wikipedia: An ionic equation is a chemical equation in which electrolytes are written as dissociated ions. sodium carbonate and calcium chloride. This equation confirms that sodium hydroxide is a base. The Steps. Solution cHEMISTRY. 2Ag + (aq) + S 2− (aq) → Ag 2 S(s) EXAMPLE 2 – Predicting Precipitation Reactions: Predict whether a precipitate will form when water solutions of barium chloride , BaCl 2 (aq), and sodium sulfate, Na 2 SO 4 (aq), are mixed. Aqueous hydrofluoric acid (a weak acid) reacts with aqueous barium nitrate to form barium fluoride precipitate. What is the net ionic equation for the reaction between lead nitrate and potassium chloride? What is the net ionic equation for the reaction between lead nitrate and potassium chloride? then write the balanced complete ionic equation. (d) Write separate equations for the reactions of the solid metals magnesium, aluminum, and iron with diatomic oxygen gas to yield the corresponding metal oxides. (d) NiCO3(s) + 2 HNO3(aq) Ni(NO3)2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l) 1. ... barium nitrate (aq) + sodium sulfate (aq) barium sulfate (s) + sodium nitrate (aq) These are called precipitation reactions. This equation confirms that sodium hydroxide is … Lead (II) Nitrate + Sodium Phosphate . The nitrate and sodium ions have the same form on each side of the equation, so they are eliminated as spectator ions. The nitrate and sodium ions have the same form on each side of the equation, so they are eliminated as spectator ions. Exceptions: The sulfate ion forms insoluble compounds with the following ions: strontium Sr 2+, barium Ba 2+, lead Pb 2+, silver Ag +, calcium Ca 2+, radium Ra 2+, and diatomic silver Ag 2 2+. 2. This inventory will mandate 2 NO3 groups on the right—and also on the left. (a) potassium sulfate and barium nitrate (b) lithium chloride and silver acetate (c) lead nitrate and ammonium carbonate. (Click here if you have formulas) (1 page printable PDF of these steps) Silver Chloride + Rubidium Nitrate . Attached worksheet. This type of reaction is called a precipitation reaction , and the solid produced in the reaction is known as the precipitate . (c) When solid sodium chloride is added to aqueous sulfuric acid, hydrogen chloride gas and aqueous sodium sulfate are produced. Note the need for at least 1 Ni atom on both sides. Many salts behave like barium nitrate and disodium hydrogen arsenate, and show a large increase in ... referred to as "retrograde" or "inverse" solubility. (Click here if you have formulas) (1 page printable PDF of these steps) Silver Chloride + Rubidium Nitrate . Chemistry. Write an equation for the reaction. The ionic composition was similar in samples collected from the two deepest wells (W3 and C12)—both were sodium-bicarbonate-type waters. Honors Chemistry Name_____ Period_____ Net Ionic Equation Worksheet READ THIS: When two solutions of ionic compounds are mixed, a solid may form. 2I–(aq) + Pb2+ (aq) ( PbI2(s) DO MORE EXAMPLES. The expected products are water and barium nitrate, so the initial chemical reaction is. HCl(aq)+KOH(aq)→KCl(aq)+H2O(l) Express your answer as a net ionic equation. From Wikipedia: An ionic equation is a chemical equation in which electrolytes are written as dissociated ions. BaSO 4 (s) --> Ba 2+ (aq) + SO 4 … Major-ion composition was similar in ground-water samples collected from the two shallowest wells (W5 and W4) with both having mixed cations (calcium, magnesium, and sodium) and the same dominant anion, sulfate. (c) When solid sodium chloride is added to aqueous sulfuric acid, hydrogen chloride gas and aqueous sodium sulfate are produced. . Attached worksheet. potassium sulfate and barium nitrate. (d) Write separate equations for the reactions of the solid metals magnesium, aluminum, and iron with diatomic oxygen gas to yield the corresponding metal oxides. The reaction of aqueous iron(II) sulfate and aqueous barium nitrate is … Predict the result of mixing reasonably concentrated solutions of the following ionic compounds. Percent composition in chemistry typically refers to the percent each element is of the compound's total mass.. 2I–(aq) + Pb2+ (aq) ( PbI2(s) DO MORE EXAMPLES. cHEMISTRY. First, determine how the compound splits apart into ions when it dissolves. Pb(NO3) 2 + 2KCl → PbCl2 + 2K(NO3) and . Colorful fireworks often involve the decomposition of barium nitrate and potassium chlorate and the reaction of the metals magnesium, aluminum, and iron with oxygen. The reaction of aqueous iron(II) sulfate and aqueous barium nitrate is represented by the balanced net ionic equation. Ionic Equations for Neutralisation. The dissolving equation is. then write the balanced complete ionic equation. Hydrochloric acid dissolves solid aluminum hydroxide. Molecular equation: The dissolving equation is. Solution This inventory will mandate 2 NO3 groups on the right—and also on the left. sodium carbonate and calcium chloride. If you are given just the names of the reactants. (ionic salts etc. Indicate whether each of the following statements is characteristic of an Arrhenius acid Arrhenius base, or both a. has a sour taste b. neutralizes bases c. produces H ions in water d. is named barium hydroxide e. is an electrolyte When common salt, also known as sodium chloride, is dissolved in water, it undergoes dissociation to yield sodium cations and chloride anions. 6. ... Ca3(PO4)2. Major-ion composition was similar in ground-water samples collected from the two shallowest wells (W5 and W4) with both having mixed cations (calcium, magnesium, and sodium) and the same dominant anion, sulfate. Aqueous sodium hydroxide reacts with aqueous copper(II) sulfate to precipitate copper(II) hydroxide. Practice Problems on Net Ionic Equations: This is now a balanced equation for the reaction of lead nitrate and potassium chloride. This is now a balanced equation for the reaction of lead nitrate and potassium chloride. (c) The decomposition of solid barium nitrate leads to the formation of solid barium oxide, diatomic nitrogen gas, and diatomic oxygen gas. The carbonate anion, denoted by the chemical formula CO 3 2-. Indicate whether each of the following statements is characteristic of an Arrhenius acid Arrhenius base, or both a. has a sour taste b. neutralizes bases c. produces H ions in water d. is named barium hydroxide e. is an electrolyte Net Ionic Equation Worksheet READ THIS: When two solutions of ionic compounds are mixed, a solid may form. Some solutes (e.g. The reaction of aqueous iron(II) sulfate and aqueous barium nitrate is … (b) Solid aluminum metal reacts with solid diatomic iodine to form solid Al 2 I 6. Which of the following is the correctly balanced equation for the reaction of hno3 with caco3 Next, write an equation with the K sp on one side and the constituent ions on the other. 2. (a) Solid potassium chlorate, KClO 3, decomposes to form solid potassium chloride and diatomic oxygen gas. Percent composition in chemistry typically refers to the percent each element is of the compound's total mass.. Many salts behave like barium nitrate and disodium hydrogen arsenate, and show a large increase in solubility with temperature (ΔG > 0). Ionic Equation Worksheet Write balanced molecular, total ionic, and net ionic equations for each of the following. The basic equation = mass of element / mass of compound X 100%. The other 2 … **4th is the Net Ionic Equation . sodium sulfide ammonium sulfate barium nitrate potassium phosphate. What is the net ionic equation for the reaction between lead nitrate and potassium chloride? Write an equation for the reaction. This type of reaction is called a precipitation reaction, and the solid produced in the reaction is known as the precipitate.You can predict whether a precipitate will form using a list of solubility rules such as those found in the table below. Reactants: sodium nitrate and sulfuric acid Products: sodium sulfate and nitric acid [....although nitric acid typically exists as an aqueous solution.] For example, a molecule of PbI 2 splits into the ions Pb 2+, I-, and a second I-. Section 8.4 Net Ionic Equations. barium chloride solution reacts with sodium sulfate solution to make solid barium sulfate and aqueous sodium chloride ... How do you write the net ionic equation for barium bromide plus hydrochloric acid? The other 2 nitrate ions are instead the spectator ions. If Chris added an indicator to the acid then a colour change would be observed as the … **4th is the Net Ionic Equation . Write a balanced equation for the following: aqueous barium chloride reacts with aqueous sodium chromate to form aqueous sodium chloride plus solid barium chromate. 1. 1. For example, barium chloride reacts with sodium sulphate and forms sodium chloride and precipitate of barium sulfate. (a) Solid potassium chlorate, KClO 3, decomposes to form solid potassium chloride and diatomic oxygen gas. • Decomposition-a single compound decomposes into two or more elements or smaller compounds. Ionic equation: Cu(s) + 4H + (aq) + 2NO 3 – (aq) Cu 2+ (aq) + 2NO 2 (g) + 2H 2 O(l) This is a tricky redox reaction. • Single Replacement - a metal will replace a less active metal in an ionic compound OR a nonmetal will replace a less active nonmetal. ... barium chloride reacts with sodium sulphate and forms sodium chloride and precipitate of barium sulfate. When NH3(aq) is added to Cu2+(aq), a precipitate initially forms. Lead (II) Nitrate + Sodium Phosphate . Cross out the present spectator ions. Write a balanced equation describing each of the following chemical reactions. For every 4 nitrate ions involved, 2 nitrate ions take part in the reaction by oxidising copper to copper(II) ion. (b) Solid aluminum metal reacts with solid diatomic iodine to form solid Al 2 I 6. The sulfate ion generally forms soluble compounds, but there are several exceptions. Note the need for at least 1 Ni atom on both sides. and they are eliminated from complete ionic equation by crossing them out. What is left is the Net ionic equation. For every 4 nitrate ions involved, 2 nitrate ions take part in the reaction by oxidising copper to copper(II) ion. The filtrate is the solid formed when two solutions are mixed. The dissolving equation is. An ionic equation is a chemical equation in which electrolytes are written as dissociated ions. Sometimes, the word 'complete' is deleted and the text (or teacher) assumes you know that 'ionic equation' is NOT the same as "net ionic equation.' none. For example, barium chloride reacts with sodium sulphate and forms sodium chloride and precipitate of barium sulfate. and two chloride ions (Cl) on each side. For instance, if you had a 80.0 g sample of a compound that was 20.0 g element X and 60.0 g element y then the percent composition of each element would be: Ionic Equation Worksheet Write balanced molecular, total ionic, and net ionic equations for each of the following. In chemistry, a salt is a chemical compound consisting of an ionic assembly of a positively charged cation and a negatively charged anion, which results in a compound with no net electric charge. The solubility rules say that all ionic sodium compounds are soluble and all ionic chloride compounds are soluble except for Ag +, ... but the sulfate ion stays together as the sulfate ion. The solubility product constant for barium sulfate is 1.1 x 10-10. C) A net ionic equation is an equation showing only the species that actually change during the reaction. Change in State – Some chemical reactions are accompanied by change in state. Pb(NO3) 2 + 2KCl → PbCl2 + 2K(NO3) and . To do this, simply use the concentration of the common ion as the initial concentration. (c) When solid sodium chloride is added to aqueous sulfuric acid, hydrogen chloride gas and aqueous … Sulfate titration with Barium ions; Phosphate titration with Magnesium in ammonium solution; ... Let suppose hydrochloric acid HCl (a strong acid) is taken as an analyte and sodium hydroxide NaOH (strong base) is taken as a titrant. Aqueous potassium carbonate reacts with aqueous silver nitrate to precipitate silver carbonate. and two chloride ions (Cl) on each side. Reactants: sodium nitrate and sulfuric acid Products: sodium sulfate and nitric acid [....although nitric acid typically exists as an aqueous solution.] Consider an aqueous solution of calcium nitrate added to an aqueous solution of sodium phosphate. Write the complete ionic equation by describing water-soluble ionic compounds as separate ions and insoluble ionic compounds with a complete formula. Cross out the present spectator ions. • Decomposition-a single compound decomposes into two or more elements or smaller compounds. Aqueous sodium hydroxide reacts with aqueous copper(II) sulfate to precipitate copper(II) hydroxide. 3 Types of Chemical Reactions Notes • Synthesis - two or more elements or compounds combine to form one compound. The component ions in a salt compound can be either … The presence of a common ion must be taken into account when determining the solubility of an ionic compound. • Single Replacement - a metal will replace a less active metal in an ionic compound OR a nonmetal will replace a less active nonmetal. The solubility product constant for barium sulfate is 1.1 x 10-10. H2S04 (sulfate) — sulfuric acid H2S03 (sulfite) — sulfous acid Practice Problems Ionic Dissociation 1 2 3. The decomposition of solid potassium chlorate leads to the formation of solid potassium chloride and diatomic oxygen gas. For example, when an ionic compound such as salt is dissolved in a suitable solvent (such as water), the atoms that constitute the salt undergo dissociation and form free ions. Some solutes (e.g. (a) potassium sulfate and barium nitrate (b) lithium chloride and silver acetate (c) lead nitrate and ammonium carbonate. Write the chemical equation. (d) NiCO3(s) + 2 HNO3(aq) Ni(NO3)2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l) 1. Please note that barium sulfate is an insoluble substance and that water is a molecular substance. VOILA! Solution 1. Ionic equations are used for single and double displacement reactions that occur in aqueous solutions. 1. Reaction – BaCl 2 + Na 2 SO 4 BaSO 4 + NaCl. (a) potassium sulfate and barium nitrate (b) lithium chloride and silver acetate (c) lead nitrate and ammonium carbonate. Write a balanced equation describing each of the following chemical reactions. When the two clear solutions are mixed, the observation is that a white insoluble barium sulfate precipitates. Equation coefficients Mol/l of A Grams of A Liters of A (if gas) Grams/l of A Liters of B (if gas) Mol/l of B . Example: Estimate the solubility of barium sulfate in a 0.020 M sodium sulfate solution. This type of reaction is called a precipitation reaction, and the solid produced in the reaction is known as the precipitate.You can predict whether a precipitate will form using a list of solubility rules such as those found in the table below. The net ionic equation representing this reaction is: ... potassium sulfate and barium nitrate (b) lithium chloride and silver acetate (c) lead nitrate and ammonium carbonate. Predict the result of mixing reasonably concentrated solutions of the following ionic compounds. Example: In the reaction between barium nitrate and sodium sulfate, how many grams of barium sulfate can be prepared from 10 ml of 10 % (w/v) barium nitrate? Simplest Ionic Equation for formation of Mg(OH)2 (s) Mg2+ (aq) + 2OH-(aq) Mg(OH) 2 (s). (a) potassium sulfate and barium nitrate (b) lithium chloride and silver acetate (c) lead nitrate and ammonium carbonate. Net- Ionic Equation: Eliminate the spectator ions (two hydrogen ions and two chloride ions) from the ionic equation gives the net ionic equation; Ba 2+ (aq) + SO 4 2-(aq) → BaSO 4 (s) The net ionic equation isolates the two reactants that actually change chemical and the single new substance produced. The nitrate anion, ... denoted by the chemical formula OH –. Colorful fireworks often involve the decomposition of barium nitrate and potassium chlorate and the reaction of the metals magnesium, aluminum, and iron with oxygen. A) A molecular equation is a chemical equation showing the complete, neutral formulas for every compound in a reaction. The net ionic equation for the reaction of calcium bromide and sodium phosphate contains which of the following species? They occur on both sides of the arrow in exactly the same form. net ionic equation. Sulfate titration with Barium ions; Phosphate titration with Magnesium in ammonium solution; Chloride titration with silver Nitrate; ... Let suppose hydrochloric acid HCl (a strong acid) is taken as an analyte and sodium hydroxide NaOH (strong base) is taken as a titrant. For instance, if you had a 80.0 g sample of a compound that was 20.0 g element X and 60.0 g element y then the percent composition of each element would be: When common salt, also known as sodium chloride, is dissolved in water, it undergoes … Sometimes, the word 'complete' is deleted and the text (or teacher) assumes you know that 'ionic equation' is NOT the same as "net ionic equation.' The solubility rules say that all ionic sodium compounds are soluble and all ionic chloride compounds are soluble except for Ag +, ... but the sulfate ion stays together as the sulfate ion. 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Deepest wells ( W3 and C12 ) —both were sodium-bicarbonate-type waters to solid.